现在是重新认识20世纪中国如何表述俄罗斯问题的时候了。20世纪很长一段时间，俄国之于中国是一个挥之不去的迷思，这个迷思全方位地存在于中国社会，影响力至今不绝。我们需要澄清造成这种状况的自身原因。其中，一些著名知识分子因为时代原因，在无法直接触碰苏俄、不了解苏俄的情形下，却满怀热情地去认同或拒绝经由苏维埃所确认的那个俄国，不经学术研究和学理性判断，把原本是在国际反资本主义浪潮下获得成功的苏俄革命这一地域性现象，泛化为一种普世性的规律。1950年代以后，知识界依据苏联社会主义理论，把“解冻”以降的苏联变革理解为背离社会主义，把苏联解体看成是国际共运的失败。相应的，知识界这种缺乏现代民族国家考量的意见，又成为党政和社会理解苏俄问题的理论根据，在中国社会广泛流行。这种情况几乎持续到20世纪末。反思这些历史性表述，对中国在21世纪提升认识俄罗斯问题的水平、建构恰当的中俄关系，既有历史的警示作用，又有理论价值。

Now it is the time to re-understand how China stated Russian issues in the 20th century. Actually, for a rather long time in the 20th century, Russia has been a lingering myth for China, which existed in all corners of the Chinese society and thus has influenced without a break so far. We need to clarify the reasons for this situation. With much enthusiasm, some well-known intellectuals identified or refused the Russia recognized by the Soviet Union without knowing the Soviet Union because of the times limitation; Some generalized the regional phenomenon of the Soviet revolution which gained success under international anti-capitalist tides as a universal rule without academic researches or judges.Since1950s, based on Socialism theories of the Soviet Union, the intellectual circle understands the revolution of the Soviet Union after “thaw” as departure from socialism and its collapse as the failure of international communism. Accordingly, the views lacking consideration of modern national states among the intellectual community has become a theoretical basis for the party, the government and the society to understand the Soviet Union’s problems, which were quite popular in China’s society. This situation has lasted almost until the end of the 20th century. Reflection on these historic statements, it’s not only historical warning but also has theoretical values for China to raise its awareness level of Russian issues and construct a proper Sino-Russian relation in the 21st century.