本文对中东欧国家自1989年以来发生的后社会主义制度转型进行了理论和现实的阐释，考察了其历史特性，批驳了该地区已经在制度上成为完全成熟的市场经济体的论点，而认为中东欧国家在转型方面还有很长的路要走。文章强调，后社会主义市场转型进程不会呈直线型发展。在现实社会主义经济体的市场改革与后社会主义市场转型之间存在着巨大差异。只有在更加精确地确定目标，同时不是将制度转型当作是自我实现的目标的前提下，不同国家在不同程度上才会取得更好的转型绩效，否则会朝相反方向发展。

This article explores the post-socialist system transformation in East Central European countries since 1989 both theoretically and practically. It examines its historical characteristics and criticizes the views that this region has institutionally matured to a full-blooded market economy. Instead, the author holds that there is still a long way to go. The article emphasizes the transition process of post-socialist market transformation won’t develop perpendicularly. There is a substantial difference between market reforms of a real socialism economy and a post-socialist market transformation. The transformation results would have been better for various countries to various extents if the objectives had been more accurately determined and the systemic transformation had been treated not as a self-contained aim but as an instrument to achieve the superior aim.