Openness and continental attributes lead to insecurity of Russian geographical features. Partial expansion and external checks and balances are two basic aspects of Russian foreign targets. It’s quite traditional for Russia to take expansion as defensive means in solving problems of its geographical openness. For Russia, as a weak power, external checks and balances become its necessary means to keep and take advantage of international balance of power to maintain its national survival and security. Russia and the outside world have been under serious security competition, which demands it to allocating a lot of domestic resources for external affairs. Under the premise of insufficient efficiency of ingredients and lack of economic resources, when it is required that centralized social (military) mobilization system be used to obtain social resources, resources for domestic development are occupied unreasonably. In addition, the centralized system has restrained individual freedom and creativity, which leads to the long-term backwardness in development. The backwardness in development and competitiveness in security environment results in partial expansion to maintain or expand the scale of the country so as to make up for the lack of economic resources and expand defense in depth. Meanwhile, it’s also necessary to maintain national survival and security by keeping international balance of power structure through external checks and balances. Then Russia obtains a higher proportion of social resources and stabilizes domestic orders through a centralized system. Consequently, there appears a circulation of security logic structure. The stability of foreign targets, geopolitical insecurity and its dependence on centralized system lead to collectivism guided by authoritarianism and Messianism agreeing with its outward expansion. Still, due to practical significance and thinking inertia, it is inherited and can last. The steady circulation of reciprocal causation and mutual reinforcement between transmission mechanism, which includes external goals, mobilization system, ideas and low-efficiency ingredients, and backwardness in development lead to feature of historic inheritance in Russian security structure.