Alliance is a common phenomenon of human social activities. Research on alliance issues is also a hot topic in international politics. Albania, located in the west of Balkan Peninsula, changed alliances three times from 1946 till1961, making a rather rare history of alliances from the perspective of a small country and providing an important case for alliance theory studies as well. According to the revised theoretical framework of “balance of threats” by Stephen M. Walt, this paper holds that the reason why Albania chose Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union and China respectively as its allies in 15 years is influenced by three major factors, that is, balance of threats, ideology, and provision of aids. The fragility of Albania makes it hard to survive without alliance, and the shift of alliance relationship is actually used to balance the greatest threat in different periods of time. Since ideology is closely combined with the robust Enver Hoxha regime, it is of decisive significance to some degree during the split of Albania and the Soviet Union which then led to the alliance of Albania and China. Whether the alliance could provide appropriate assistance also exerts a certain level of influences on Albania in choosing allies.