This paper investigates the history and the current situation of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Five Former Soviet Republics in Central Asia(the following abbreviated to “the FFSR in CA”), explores its significance to the FFSR in CA and forecasts its prospects in the FFSR in CA. The author thinks the history of the Russian Orthodox Church in the FFSR in CA can be traced back to the 19th century and it has experienced three periods of development——the expansion period of the Tsarist Russian, the vacillation period of the Soviet Union and the renaissance period after the FFSR in CA has proclaimed independence. Though the Russian Orthodox Church is inferior to Islam by comparison in the religious scale and consequence, it has undoubtedly played a positive role in the development of the aspects such as politics, economy and socio-culture in the FFSR in CA . And,it will possess the more remarkable prospects instead of crumbling.