During the nearly two decades after the collapse of the USSR, Russia-U.S. relations have experienced several wide fluctuations. And all the fluctuations have been partially influenced by the change of Russia’s construction of its own identity. Russia has not been able to be integrated into the ‘West’ during the period of Yeltsin, and Putin’s co-operation with the U.S. against the ‘terrorism’ has not led the West to accept Russia as one of its own. Both Russia’s vibration in its national identity of West-oriented or East-oriented and its excessive pursuit for the international status of great power, have influenced a lot on Russia’s construction for its national interests and its choice for foreign strategies, and to a certain extent may block the positive interaction between Russia and U.S.. Besides, America’s attitude toward Russia’s construction of its own identity will impact on the Russia-U.S. relations as well.