What are the source, basic concepts and interests of Russia’s re-centralization policy? How do these factors affect its process and results? What is the meaning of Central re-centralization policy for Russia’s political development and to what extent? What are the prospects? This paper aims to explore the answers to these questions. In this paper, the author first gives a brief overview of the regional trends under the context of Russian reform from 1990 till 2000; then the author examines the concept and interests of each political force during the re-centralization process since 2000 and its influences on the Russian Federation reform policies, which can be called as “new centralization of power” (different from “old” centralization during the Soviet-era). Then, the author analyzes the basic characteristics of “new centralization of power” policy and its impact on Russian State reform process. In conclusion, the author summarizes the meaning of central re-centralization to Russian political system.