苏联解体之后，学界围绕苏联解体、戈尔巴乔夫功过的争论一直存在。一般认为，戈尔巴乔夫的新思维以及公开性、民主化、构建人道的民主的社会主义等理论观点的提出，扰乱了苏联原有的主流意识形态，瓦解了共产党队伍，在此理论指导下提出的急于求成的改革，造成了苏联的最终解体。但事实远没有这样简单，戈尔巴乔夫现象的出现有着深刻的历史渊源和肥沃的生长土壤。本文试图从历史角度来诠释这一现象，揭示苏联解体的深层次原因。

After the collapse of the USSR, there have always been controversies over the disintegration of the Soviet Union and Gorbachev’s merit among different scholars. It is generally believed that Gorbachev’s new thinking, openness, democratization, building a humane and democratic socialism and the emergence of other doctrines disrupted the mainstream of the original Soviet ideology, disintegrated the Communist Party; and the reform of impatience for success proposed under this theoretical guidance resulted in the ultimate disintegration of the Soviet Union. But the reality is not so simple, the emergence of Gorbachev’s phenomenon has deep historical origins. This paper attempts to explain this phenomenon from a historical perspective, and to reveal the deep-seated reasons for the disintegration of the Soviet Union.